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The Biden administration directive (signed October 2023, rescinded January 2025) that established U.S. national standards for AI safety, security, and privacy and created the U.S. AI Safety Institute at NIST.
Signed in October 2023, EO 14110 invoked the Defense Production Act to require safety testing disclosures for powerful foundation models, established the U.S. AI Safety Institute (housed at NIST), and mandated a whole-of-government approach to AI risks across housing, labor, and national security. It was rescinded in January 2025 by EO 14148 and replaced with a different federal AI policy approach. The U.S. AI Safety Institute it established has continued to operate under successor frameworks, and the EO remains an important historical reference point for understanding the trajectory of U.S. federal AI policy.
Real world example:
While in force from October 2023 to January 2025, developers of large foundation models were required under EO 14110 to share safety testing results with the U.S. Department of Commerce - establishing a baseline of federal AI safety oversight that successor policies have continued to evolve.
